He went to Japan as a sailor and saw much of the United States as a hobo riding freight trains and as a member of Charles T. He explored San Francisco Bay in his sloop, alternately stealing oysters or working for the government fish patrol. At age 14 he quit school to escape poverty and gain adventure. Deserted by his father, a roving astrologer, he was raised in Oakland, California, by his spiritualist mother and his stepfather, whose surname, London, he took. During the 20th century he was one of the most extensively translated of American authors. Jack London, pseudonym of John Griffith Chaney, American novelist and short-story writer whose best-known works - among them The Call of the Wild (1903) and White Fang (1906) - depict elemental struggles for survival.
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